2025 civics test · Question 45 · System of Government

Who appoints federal judges?

Official answer

  • The President (of the United States)

What this means

The President appoints federal judges.

When there is an opening on a federal court, including the Supreme Court, the president nominates someone to fill it. But the president cannot act alone: the Senate must approve, or confirm, the nomination before the judge takes office.

Because federal judges serve for life, these appointments can shape the courts for decades, which is why both the president and the Senate have a say.

Answer: the President (with the Senate’s approval).

Why this is on the test

This 2025 question shows how the executive and legislative branches both shape the courts, another piece of checks and balances.

How this question is asked

On the 2025 civics test, the officer asks up to 20 of the 128 questions out loud and you pass by answering 12 correctly. You answer in your own words. There is no multiple choice and nothing to write down for the civics portion.

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